![]() Hence, it is urgent to develop a non-invasive and rapid COPD severity diagnosis technique suitable for daily screening. These methods are time-consuming, invasive, and radioactive, unsuitable for daily screening. ![]() At present, the clinical diagnosis of COPD includes pulmonary function examination, chest X-ray examination, chest CT examination, blood gas examination, and other diagnostic methods. Generally speaking, mild patients will get better after taking tracheal relaxants, moderate patients will decide outpatient or hospitalization according to specific symptoms, and severe patients should be hospitalized immediately or even need ICU rescue. Through communication with doctors, it is known that the severity of COPD is often classified into three grades of mild, moderate, and severe in clinical practice, and then the specific diagnosis and treatment plan was determined according to specific symptoms. In addition, the number of classifications obtained by this way is excessive, which is rarely used in clinical practice. However, studies have shown that the association between patients’ health status, symptoms, and FEV1 is weak. In addition, FEV1/FVC is less than 70% in all patients except patients with COPD0. ![]() Patients with COPD0 have FEV1% higher than 85%, COPD1 have FEV1% higher than 80%, COPD2 have FEV1% between 50% and 80%, COPD3 have FEV1% between 30% and 50%, COPD4 have FEV1% less than 30%, or less than 50% but suffer from chronic respiratory failure. The severity of COPD is classified into five grades by GOLD. FEV1/FVC is a sensitive index to evaluate airflow limitation, and FEV1% is a good indicator to evaluate COPD severity. FEV1 refers to the forced expiratory volume in one second, FVC refers to the forced vital capacity. The severity of COPD is graded according to FEV1/FVC, FEV1%, and symptoms. As populations age in high-income countries and the increase of smokers in developing countries, it is roughly calculated that by 2060, over 5.4 million people will die each year from COPD and related diseases. According to the global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD), in 2020, the prevalence of COPD was 11.7%, and there were approximately 3 million deaths each year. COPD has high morbidity and mortality worldwide and has become the fourth leading cause of death in China and the third leading cause of death globally. Airflow restriction develops progressively, related to the increased chronic inflammatory response to toxic particles or gases in the airway and lungs. This model provides a standardized evaluation with high classification performance rates, which can assist doctors to complete the preliminary diagnosis of COPD severity immediately, and has important clinical significance.ĬOPD is a common preventable and treatable disease characterized by continuous airflow restriction. The classification performance rates of moderate COPD and severe COPD were 94.26%, 97.32%, and 89.93% for accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of mild COPD and moderate + severe COPD were 89.13%, 87.72%, and 91.01%, respectively. Experimental results show that high classification performance using only 4-channel lung sounds of L1, L2, 元, and L4 channels can be achieved by the proposed model. Finally, the feature sets were input into a support vector machine to diagnose COPD severity, and the performance with Bayes, decision tree, and deep belief network was compared. And then, channels and features were screened by the reliefF algorithm. Firstly, the time-frequency-energy features of 12 channels lung sounds were extracted by Hilbert–Huang transform. This study established an effective model for the preliminary diagnosis of COPD severity using lung sounds with few channels. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a non-invasive and rapid COPD severity diagnosis technique suitable for daily screening in clinical practice. ![]() At present, the clinical diagnosis methods of COPD are time-consuming, invasive, and radioactive. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory disease that seriously threatens people’s health, with high morbidity and mortality worldwide.
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